Downhole sucker-rod pumps: Difference between revisions

Downhole sucker-rod pumps (view source)

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 •	Static slippage is the dominant factor and occurs only during the upstroke of the pump; it is caused by the pressure differential across the plunger-barrel fit. The high hydrostatic pressure present in the tubing string, acting on top of the plunger with the traveling valve closed, forces liquid to slip past the plunger into the pump chamber between the traveling and the standing valves.
 •	Dynamic slippage, on the other hand, takes place both on the up-, and the downstroke of the pump and is caused by the plunger’s movement; its magnitude being proportional to the plunger velocity i.e. the pumping speed used. The direction of liquid slippage is different for the up-, and downstroke: during upstroke liquid falls below the traveling valve while during the downstroke liquid flows upwards and decreases the amount of liquid passing through the traveling valve.
-An extensive series of theoretical and experimental investigations [ 13 – 16 ] on pump slippage resulted in the following main conclusions.
+An extensive series of theoretical and experimental investigations <ref name="r13" /> <ref name="r14" /><ref name="r15" /> <ref name="r16" />   on pump slippage resulted in the following main conclusions.
 •	Early formulas greatly overestimate the amount of liquid slippage. Typical values, based on experimental data are about two times greater for plunger fits less than 0.006” and more than three times greater for fits larger than 0.006”. This implies that pumps with fits larger than those selected on the basis of earlier predictions can be used without experiencing too high pump leakages.
-•	The eccentricity of the plunger’s lateral position in the barrel has a great effect on liquid slippage (also proved by [ 17 ]), a fact that most previous formulas disregarded. For a completely eccentric position leakage rates 2.5 times greater than for concentric cases can be expected.
+•	The eccentricity of the plunger’s lateral position in the barrel has a great effect on liquid slippage also proved by <ref name="r17" />, a fact that most previous formulas disregarded. For a completely eccentric position leakage rates 2.5 times greater than for concentric cases can be expected.
 •	Most previous correlations disregarded the effect of dynamic leakage in the pump.
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 <ref name="r11" >API Spec. Q1, Specification for Quality Programs for the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, sixth edition. 1999. Washington, DC: API. </ref>
 <ref name="r12" >Hein, N.W. Jr. and Thomas, S. 2000. Rod Pump Shop Audits and Performance Requirements. Paper 6 presented at the 2000 Southwestern Petroleum Short Course, Lubbock, Texas, 12–13 April.</ref>
-Ref 13.	Patterson, J. – Williams, B. J.: “A Progress Report on “Fluid Slippage in Down-Hole Rod-Drawn Oil Well Pumps.” Proc. 45th Southwestern Petroleum Short Course, 1998, 180-91.
+<ref name="r13" >Patterson, J. – Williams, B. J.: “A Progress Report on “Fluid Slippage in Down-Hole Rod-Drawn Oil Well Pumps.” Proc. 45th Southwestern Petroleum Short Course, 1998, 180-91.</ref>
-Ref 14.	Patterson, J. et al.: “Progress Report #2 on “Fluid Slippage in Down-Hole Rod-Drawn Oil Well Pumps.” Proc. 46th Southwestern Petroleum Short Course, 1999, 96-106.
+<ref name="r14" >Patterson, J. et al.: “Progress Report #2 on “Fluid Slippage in Down-Hole Rod-Drawn Oil Well Pumps.” Proc. 46th Southwestern Petroleum Short Course, 1999, 96-106.</ref>
-Ref 15.	Patterson, J. et al.: “Progress Report #3 on “Fluid Slippage in Down-Hole Rod-Drawn Oil Well Pumps.” Proc. 47th Southwestern Petroleum Short Course, 2000, 117-36.
+<ref name="r15" >Patterson, J. et al.: “Progress Report #3 on “Fluid Slippage in Down-Hole Rod-Drawn Oil Well Pumps.” Proc. 47th Southwestern Petroleum Short Course, 2000, 117-36.</ref>
-Ref 16.	Patterson, J. et al.: “Progress Report #4 on “Fluid Slippage in Down-Hole Rod-Drawn Oil Well Pumps.” Proc. 54th Southwestern Petroleum Short Course, 2007, 45-59.
+<ref name="r16" >Patterson, J. et al.: “Progress Report #4 on “Fluid Slippage in Down-Hole Rod-Drawn Oil Well Pumps.” Proc. 54th Southwestern Petroleum Short Course, 2007, 45-59.</ref>
-Ref 17.	Chambliss, R. K. – Cox, J. C. – Lea, J. F.: “Plunger Slippage for Rod-Drawn Plunger Pumps.” J. Energy Resources Technology, Sept. 2004, 208-14.
+<ref name="r17" >Chambliss, R. K. – Cox, J. C. – Lea, J. F.: “Plunger Slippage for Rod-Drawn Plunger Pumps.” J. Energy Resources Technology, Sept. 2004, 208-14.</ref>
 </references>
 ==Noteworthy papers in OnePetro==
-Use this section to list papers in OnePetro that a reader who wants to learn more should definitely read
+Muth, G.M. and Walker, T.M. Extending Downhole Pump Life Using New Technology. Presented at the 2001/1/1/. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/68859-MS.
-Muth, G. M. – Walker, T. M., 2001: Extending Downhole Pump Life using New Technology. Paper SPE 68859 presented at the Western Regional Meeting held in Bakersfield, March 26-30.
+==Other noteworthy papers==
+Williams. B., 2007: Sand-Pro Sucker Rod Pump for Fluid with Sand Production Conditions in Down-Hole Sucker Rod Pumps. Proc. 54th Annual Southwestern Petroleum Short Course, 172-174.
 Parker, R. M. – Wacker, J. – Watson, B. – Dimock, J., 2002: The Panacea Pump Tool. Proc. 49th Annual Southwestern Petroleum Short Course, 88-95.
-Williams. B., 2007: Sand-Pro Sucker Rod Pump for Fluid with Sand Production Conditions in Down-Hole Sucker Rod Pumps. Proc. 54th Annual Southwestern Petroleum Short Course, 172-174.
+[https://www.swpshortcourse.org/program/abstracts/panacea-pump-tool Abstract]
 ==External links==