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{{#seo:
|title=PetroWiki – an E&P Industry wiki – Oil&Gas
|keywords=these,are,your,keywords
|description=PetroWiki is a comprehensive guide for all things E&P created by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and seeded from the seven volume Petroleum Engineering Handbook(PEH).  This wiki allows SPE’s membership to update and expand E&P content from the published handbook.
}}
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__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__
<div style="padding:6px 10px 4px 10px; margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:25px; border:2px solid #c8ccd1;box-shadow: 0 0 4.5px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 );background-color:#fafafa;text-align: center"><div><span style="font-size:200%;font-family:arial;">Welcome to {{color|#0046AD|'''''Petro'''Wik''}}{{color|#008000|''i''}}</span>
</div><span>Wiki, powered by SPE membership with all things related to the petroleum industry.</span>
<div id="numberofpages">[[Special:AllPages|{{NUMBEROFPAGES}}]] pages in English</div>
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<!-- TOP LEFT -->
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<span style="font-family: Arial;font-size:20px;">Featured article</span>
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<span style ="font-family: arial;font-size:20px;"> What is PetroWiki? </span>
<hr>
[[File:PEH all.png|210px|frameless|right]]
PetroWiki was created from the seven volume&nbsp;[http://store.spe.org/Petroleum-Engineering-Handbook-Volumes-I-VII-Print-Set-P126.aspx Petroleum Engineering Handbook (PEH)]&nbsp;published by the&nbsp;[http://www.spe.org/ Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)]. PetroWiki preserves the PEH content in unaltered form (page names that start with PEH:), while allowing SPE's membership to update and expand content from the published version. Pages that do not have PEH: at the beginning may have started with content from the PEH, but have been modified over time by contributors to the wiki. [http://petrowiki.org/PetroWiki:Disclaimer Disclaimer]
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<!-- FEATURED CONTENT  -->
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<span style ="font-family: Arial;font-size:20px;"> Start your first page here! </span>
<hr>
Start creating your first article by logging in and using the [[Special:Search|search box]] to look for the topic of your choice. We recommend using the title of a page you would like to create in the search box. If the search does not return any relevant pages, you will be asked to start a new page. You can click on the red link and it will open a new page with you title to begin. Add your content and remember to save!


 
Unlike some other online wikis, PetroWiki content is&nbsp;[http://petrowiki.org/PetroWiki:Copyright copyright]&nbsp;SPE. For information about using content from PetroWiki, see&nbsp;[http://petrowiki.org/PetroWiki:Permissions PetroWiki:Permissions].
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<td style="padding:2px;"> <h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#0068b3; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #0068b3; text-align:left; color:#FFF; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Featured topic page<span style="font-size:85%; font-weight:normal;"></span></h2>
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<td style="color:#000;"> <div id="mp-tfa" style="padding:2px 5px"><b>&lt;a href="Pore%20pressure%20prediction%20using%20seismic"&gt;Pore pressure prediction using seismic&lt;/a&gt;</b>
<p>Drilling engineers require estimates of the fluid pressures that they are likely to encounter in any given well to anticipate mud weights required to maintain optimal drilling rates and safety. In addition, the locations of anomalous pore-pressure regions are of interest in exploration because they often correlate with highly productive “sweet” spots in otherwise tight gas sands.
&lt;a href="<a href="http://petrowiki.org/Pore_pressure_prediction_using_seismic" alt="http://petrowiki.org/Pore_pressure_prediction_using_seismic" title="http://petrowiki.org/Pore_pressure_prediction_using_seismic">http://petrowiki.org/Pore_pressure_prediction_using_seismic</a>" alt="<a href="http://petrowiki.org/Pore_pressure_prediction_using_seismic" alt="http://petrowiki.org/Pore_pressure_prediction_using_seismic" title="http://petrowiki.org/Pore_pressure_prediction_using_seismic">http://petrowiki.org/Pore_pressure_prediction_using_seismic</a>" title="<a href="http://petrowiki.org/Pore_pressure_prediction_using_seismic" alt="http://petrowiki.org/Pore_pressure_prediction_using_seismic" title="http://petrowiki.org/Pore_pressure_prediction_using_seismic">http://petrowiki.org/Pore_pressure_prediction_using_seismic</a>"&gt;Learn more....&lt;/a&gt;
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<span style ="font-family: arial;font-size:20px;"> Helpful links </span>
<td style="padding:2px;"> <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#0068b3; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #0068b3; text-align:left; color:#FFF; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">In the news</h2>
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<p><b>&lt;a href="PetroWiki%20news"&gt;PetroWiki news&lt;/a&gt;</b>
</p><p>&lt;a href="<a href="http://www.spe.org/jpt/article/8415-8415/" alt="http://www.spe.org/jpt/article/8415-8415/" title="http://www.spe.org/jpt/article/8415-8415/">http://www.spe.org/jpt/article/8415-8415/</a>" alt="<a href="http://www.spe.org/jpt/article/8415-8415/" alt="http://www.spe.org/jpt/article/8415-8415/" title="http://www.spe.org/jpt/article/8415-8415/">http://www.spe.org/jpt/article/8415-8415/</a>" title="<a href="http://www.spe.org/jpt/article/8415-8415/" alt="http://www.spe.org/jpt/article/8415-8415/" title="http://www.spe.org/jpt/article/8415-8415/">http://www.spe.org/jpt/article/8415-8415/</a>"&gt;<b>Guest Editorial: The Six Minds of a Whole New Engineer</b>&lt;/a&gt; by David E. Goldberg, President, Big Beacon
</p><p>&lt;a href="<a href="http://www.texomashomepage.com/story/d/story/students-take-advantage-of-downturn-in-oil-gas-ind/24766/O55YEsb01EmJA3WcS3wTqQ" alt="http://www.texomashomepage.com/story/d/story/students-take-advantage-of-downturn-in-oil-gas-ind/24766/O55YEsb01EmJA3WcS3wTqQ" title="http://www.texomashomepage.com/story/d/story/students-take-advantage-of-downturn-in-oil-gas-ind/24766/O55YEsb01EmJA3WcS3wTqQ">http://www.texomashomepage.com/story/d/story/students-take-advantage-of-downturn-in-oil-gas-ind/24766/O55YEsb01EmJA3WcS3wTqQ</a>" alt="<a href="http://www.texomashomepage.com/story/d/story/students-take-advantage-of-downturn-in-oil-gas-ind/24766/O55YEsb01EmJA3WcS3wTqQ" alt="http://www.texomashomepage.com/story/d/story/students-take-advantage-of-downturn-in-oil-gas-ind/24766/O55YEsb01EmJA3WcS3wTqQ" title="http://www.texomashomepage.com/story/d/story/students-take-advantage-of-downturn-in-oil-gas-ind/24766/O55YEsb01EmJA3WcS3wTqQ">http://www.texomashomepage.com/story/d/story/students-take-advantage-of-downturn-in-oil-gas-ind/24766/O55YEsb01EmJA3WcS3wTqQ</a>" title="<a href="http://www.texomashomepage.com/story/d/story/students-take-advantage-of-downturn-in-oil-gas-ind/24766/O55YEsb01EmJA3WcS3wTqQ" alt="http://www.texomashomepage.com/story/d/story/students-take-advantage-of-downturn-in-oil-gas-ind/24766/O55YEsb01EmJA3WcS3wTqQ" title="http://www.texomashomepage.com/story/d/story/students-take-advantage-of-downturn-in-oil-gas-ind/24766/O55YEsb01EmJA3WcS3wTqQ">http://www.texomashomepage.com/story/d/story/students-take-advantage-of-downturn-in-oil-gas-ind/24766/O55YEsb01EmJA3WcS3wTqQ</a>"&gt;<b>Students Take Advantage of Downturn in Oil &amp; Gas Industry</b>&lt;/a&gt; by David Gonzalez
</p><p>&lt;a href="<a href="http://www.spe.org/news/category/feature" alt="http://www.spe.org/news/category/feature" title="http://www.spe.org/news/category/feature">http://www.spe.org/news/category/feature</a>" alt="<a href="http://www.spe.org/news/category/feature" alt="http://www.spe.org/news/category/feature" title="http://www.spe.org/news/category/feature">http://www.spe.org/news/category/feature</a>" title="<a href="http://www.spe.org/news/category/feature" alt="http://www.spe.org/news/category/feature" title="http://www.spe.org/news/category/feature">http://www.spe.org/news/category/feature</a>"&gt;<b>More SPE featured news...</b>&lt;/a&gt;
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[[Help:References|How to add inline references and auto numbered reference section]]


<!--  ****************IN THE NEWS*********************  -->
[[Help:Creating quality topic pages|How to create a quality topic page]]
 
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<span style ="font-family: Arial;font-size:20px;"> How can I contribute to PetroWiki?</span>
<hr>
PetroWiki is a living document and therefore the content should be enhanced to include newer technologies and current information.
<p style="font-family: sans-serif, arial, verdana, 'trebuchet ms'; line-height: 16.6399993896484px; text-align: center;">'''<span style="color: rgb(178, 34, 34);">Share your knowledge with others and help update PetroWiki at the same time! You can't "break" the wiki.</span>'''</p>
'''Follow these basic steps to get started:'''
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif, arial, verdana, 'trebuchet ms'; line-height: 16.6399993896484px;">
<li>Log in</li>
<li>Search for the topic of your choice</li>
<li>Open the topic page, if there is not a relevant topic page you will be asked if you want to start a new page</li>
<li>Make changes and/or add content</li>
<li>Save</li>
</ul>


</p>
'''Suggested additions:'''
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<td class="MainPageBG" style="width:50%; border:2px solid #0068b3; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top;">
<li>New and emerging concepts </li>
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<li>Utilize your expertise to review, update, and enhance the quality of existing content
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</li>
<td style="padding:2px;"> <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#0068b3; font-family:inherit; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #0068b3; text-align:left; color:#FFF; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">New topic pages</h2>
<li>Adding links to good papers in OnePetro and elsewhere is a great way to enrich existing content pages.
</td></tr>
</li>
<tr>
<li>Creation of pages about specific fields are welcome. Knowing the basics of the reservoir and how the field was developed over time can provide valuable information to others. (See&nbsp;[http://petrowiki.org/Prudhoe%20Bay%20field Prudhoe_Bay_field]&nbsp;and [[Kuparuk_River_field|Kuparuk River field]]</li>
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<p>New pages are continually added to PetroWiki. These new pages always need subject experts to help develop these pages into high quality resources. With so many different roles within PetroWiki that have to do with contributing there is undoubtedly a place that will fit perfectly with your expertise and time. &lt;a href="<a href="http://petrowiki.org/Contribute_what_you_know_is_right" alt="http://petrowiki.org/Contribute_what_you_know_is_right" title="http://petrowiki.org/Contribute_what_you_know_is_right">http://petrowiki.org/Contribute_what_you_know_is_right</a>" alt="<a href="http://petrowiki.org/Contribute_what_you_know_is_right" alt="http://petrowiki.org/Contribute_what_you_know_is_right" title="http://petrowiki.org/Contribute_what_you_know_is_right">http://petrowiki.org/Contribute_what_you_know_is_right</a>" title="<a href="http://petrowiki.org/Contribute_what_you_know_is_right" alt="http://petrowiki.org/Contribute_what_you_know_is_right" title="http://petrowiki.org/Contribute_what_you_know_is_right">http://petrowiki.org/Contribute_what_you_know_is_right</a>"&gt;Read more about becoming a champion for PetroWiki…&lt;/a&gt;
'''Things to know:'''
<br />
<ul style="font-family: sans-serif, arial, verdana, 'trebuchet ms'; line-height: 16.6399993896484px;">
<br />
<li>You must log in to edit. [http://petrowiki.org/Help:Editing%20a%20page Help with editing]</li>
</p>
<li>Pages that start with PEH&nbsp;'''cannot'''&nbsp;be edited.</li>
<center><b>Featured New Page</b></center>
<li>Glossary pages '''cannot''' be edited.
<center><b>&lt;a href="Facility%20operability"&gt;Facility operability&lt;/a&gt;</b></center>
</li>
<p><br />
<li>For more information, see&nbsp;[http://petrowiki.org/PetroWiki:Frequently%20asked%20questions PetroWiki:Frequently asked questions]</li>
</p><p>Facility operability is the ability of an organization to operate a facility in a safe and efficient manner. The ultimate goal of facility operability is to design and construct a facility that will remain safe, efficient and cost effective throughout its lifetime use.
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<span style ="font-family: arial;font-size:20px;"> Top Contributors to PetroWiki </span>
 
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<p>PetroWiki was created from the seven volume <i>&lt;a href="<a href="http://store.spe.org/Petroleum-Engineering-Handbook-Volumes-I-VII-Print-Set-P126.aspx" alt="http://store.spe.org/Petroleum-Engineering-Handbook-Volumes-I-VII-Print-Set-P126.aspx" title="http://store.spe.org/Petroleum-Engineering-Handbook-Volumes-I-VII-Print-Set-P126.aspx">http://store.spe.org/Petroleum-Engineering-Handbook-Volumes-I-VII-Print-Set-P126.aspx</a>" alt="<a href="http://store.spe.org/Petroleum-Engineering-Handbook-Volumes-I-VII-Print-Set-P126.aspx" alt="http://store.spe.org/Petroleum-Engineering-Handbook-Volumes-I-VII-Print-Set-P126.aspx" title="http://store.spe.org/Petroleum-Engineering-Handbook-Volumes-I-VII-Print-Set-P126.aspx">http://store.spe.org/Petroleum-Engineering-Handbook-Volumes-I-VII-Print-Set-P126.aspx</a>" title="<a href="http://store.spe.org/Petroleum-Engineering-Handbook-Volumes-I-VII-Print-Set-P126.aspx" alt="http://store.spe.org/Petroleum-Engineering-Handbook-Volumes-I-VII-Print-Set-P126.aspx" title="http://store.spe.org/Petroleum-Engineering-Handbook-Volumes-I-VII-Print-Set-P126.aspx">http://store.spe.org/Petroleum-Engineering-Handbook-Volumes-I-VII-Print-Set-P126.aspx</a>"&gt;Petroleum Engineering Handbook&lt;/a&gt;</i> (<i>PEH</i>) published by the &lt;a href="<a href="http://www.spe.org" alt="http://www.spe.org" title="http://www.spe.org">http://www.spe.org</a>" alt="<a href="http://www.spe.org" alt="http://www.spe.org" title="http://www.spe.org">http://www.spe.org</a>" title="<a href="http://www.spe.org" alt="http://www.spe.org" title="http://www.spe.org">http://www.spe.org</a>"&gt;Society of Petroleum Engineers&lt;/a&gt; (SPE). PetroWiki preserves the <i>PEH</i> content in unaltered form (page names that start with PEH:), while allowing SPE's membership to update and expand content from the published version. Pages that do not have PEH: at the beginning may have started with content from the PEH, but have been modified over time by contributors to the wiki.
</p><p>Content in PetroWiki is &lt;a href="PetroWiki%3AModeration"&gt;moderated&lt;/a&gt; by at least two members with subject matter expertise. This helps to ensure that the information found in PetroWiki is technically accurate. &lt;a href="PetroWiki%3ADisclaimer"&gt;Disclaimer&lt;/a&gt;
</p>
Unlike some other online wikis, PetroWiki content is &lt;a href="PetroWiki%3ACopyright"&gt;copyright&lt;/a&gt; SPE. For information about using content from PetroWiki, see &lt;a _fcknotitle="true" href="PetroWiki%3APermissions"&gt;PetroWiki:Permissions&lt;/a&gt;.</div></td>
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<!--        How can I contribute to PetroWiki?    -->
 
 
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</tr><tr>
<td style="color:#000;"><div id="mp-tfl" style="padding:2px 5px;">
<p>PetroWiki is a living document and therefore the content should be enhanced to include newer technologies and current information. 
</p>
<ul><li><font color="#FF4500"><b>Share your knowledge with others and help update PetroWiki at the same time!</b> <b>You can't "break" the wiki.</b></font>
</li></ul>
<p><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dt><b>Follow these basic steps to get started:</b>
&lt;/dt&gt;<dd>Log in
&lt;/dd&gt;<dd>Search for the topic of your choice
&lt;/dd&gt;<dd>Open the topic page
&lt;/dd&gt;<dd>Make changes
&lt;/dd&gt;<dd>Save
&lt;/dd&gt;</dl>
&lt;/dd&gt;</dl>
&lt;/dd&gt;</dl>
</p>
<ul><li> Adding links to good papers in OnePetro and elsewhere is a great way to enrich existing content pages.
</li><li> Creation of pages about specific fields are welcome.  Knowing the basics of the reservoir and how the field was developed over time can provide valuable information to others. (See &lt;a href="Prudhoe%20Bay%20field"&gt;Prudhoe Bay field&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="Kuparuk%20River%20field"&gt;Kuparuk River field&lt;/a&gt; as examples)
</li></ul>
<ul><li> If you are an SPE professional member, you must log in. [Use your SPE website login.]  &lt;a href="Help%3AEditing%20a%20page"&gt;Help with editing&lt;/a&gt;
</li><li> Pages that start with PEH: cannot be edited. 
</li></ul>
<p>For more information, see &lt;a _fcknotitle="true" href="PetroWiki%3AFrequently%20asked%20questions"&gt;PetroWiki:Frequently asked questions&lt;/a&gt;
</p>
<i>Content categorization - SPE has finalized a technical &lt;a href="Taxonomy"&gt;taxonomy&lt;/a&gt; that is being used in PetroWiki, OnePetro, and other SPE content.</i></div></td>
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<td style="color:#000; padding:2px;"> <div id="mp-tfp">
<h2>Search box</h2>
<p><i><b><big>Use the &lt;a href="<a href="http://petrowiki.org/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=&amp;fulltext=Search" alt="http://petrowiki.org/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=&amp;fulltext=Search" title="http://petrowiki.org/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=&amp;fulltext=Search">http://petrowiki.org/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=&amp;fulltext=Search</a>" alt="<a href="http://petrowiki.org/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=&amp;fulltext=Search" alt="http://petrowiki.org/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=&amp;fulltext=Search" title="http://petrowiki.org/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=&amp;fulltext=Search">http://petrowiki.org/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=&amp;fulltext=Search</a>" title="<a href="http://petrowiki.org/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=&amp;fulltext=Search" alt="http://petrowiki.org/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=&amp;fulltext=Search" title="http://petrowiki.org/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=&amp;fulltext=Search">http://petrowiki.org/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=&amp;fulltext=Search</a>"&gt;search box&lt;/a&gt; at upper right to find content of interest.</big></b></i>
</p><p>PetroWiki is indexed by search engines, so you also may find content of interest through your favorite search engine.
</p>
<h2>Glossary</h2>
<p><big><b>Use the &lt;a href="<a href="http://petrowiki.org/Category:Glossary" alt="http://petrowiki.org/Category:Glossary" title="http://petrowiki.org/Category:Glossary">http://petrowiki.org/Category:Glossary</a>" alt="<a href="http://petrowiki.org/Category:Glossary" alt="http://petrowiki.org/Category:Glossary" title="http://petrowiki.org/Category:Glossary">http://petrowiki.org/Category:Glossary</a>" title="<a href="http://petrowiki.org/Category:Glossary" alt="http://petrowiki.org/Category:Glossary" title="http://petrowiki.org/Category:Glossary">http://petrowiki.org/Category:Glossary</a>"&gt;Glossary&lt;/a&gt; to find terms and definitions.</b></big>
</p>
<h2>Help</h2>
<p><big><b>Use the &lt;a href="Help"&gt;Help&lt;/a&gt; to locate guides, videos, and slideshows to explain editing.</b></big>
</p>
<h2>Translator</h2>
<big><i><b>English not your first language?</b></i></big>  You'll find Google Translate in the navigation under Toolbox.  While the translations are far from perfect and technical terms may not translate well, it may help with understanding.  When you're on a translated page, mouseover the text to see the original text for ease of comparison.</div>
</td></tr></table>
</td></tr></table>

Latest revision as of 17:35, 19 February 2024


Welcome to PetroWiki
Wiki, powered by SPE membership with all things related to the petroleum industry.
3,634 pages in English

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Offshore and Subsea Facilities

In 1859, Col. Edwin Drake drilled and completed the first known oil well near a small town in Pennsylvania, U.S.A. This well, which was drilled with cable tools, started the modern petroleum industry. In 1897, near Summerland, California, U.S.A., H.L. Williams extended an offshore oil field into the Santa Barbara Channel by drilling a submarine well from a pier. This first offshore well was drilled just 38 years after Col. Drake’s well. Five years later, more than 150 offshore wells were producing oil. Production from the California piers continues today.

In the late 1920s, steel production piers, which extended 1/4 mile into the ocean at Rincon and Elwood, California, were built, and new high-producing wells stimulated exploration activity. In 1932, a small company called Indian Petroleum Corp. determined that there was a likely prospect about 1/2 mile from shore. Instead of building a monumentally long pier, they decided to build a portion of a pier with steel piles and cross-members. Adding a deck and barging in a derrick completed the installation. By September 1932, the 60 × 90-ft "steel island" was completed in 38 ft of water. This was the first open-seas offshore platform and supported a standard 122-ft steel derrick and associated rotary drilling equipment. In January 1940, a Pacific storm destroyed the steel island. During the subsequent cleanup, divers were used for the first time to remove well casing and set abandonment plugs.

Meanwhile, the first offshore field was discovered in the Gulf of Mexico in 1938. A well was drilled to 9,000 ft off the coast of Texas in 1941. With the start of World War II, however, offshore activities came to a halt. Activity did not resume until 1945, when the state of Louisiana held its first offshore lease sale. In 1947, the first platform "out of sight of the land" was built off the coast of Louisiana in 20 ft of water.

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PetroWiki was created from the seven volume Petroleum Engineering Handbook (PEH) published by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE). PetroWiki preserves the PEH content in unaltered form (page names that start with PEH:), while allowing SPE's membership to update and expand content from the published version. Pages that do not have PEH: at the beginning may have started with content from the PEH, but have been modified over time by contributors to the wiki. Disclaimer

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PetroWiki is a living document and therefore the content should be enhanced to include newer technologies and current information.

Share your knowledge with others and help update PetroWiki at the same time! You can't "break" the wiki.

Follow these basic steps to get started:

  • Log in
  • Search for the topic of your choice
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Suggested additions:

  • New and emerging concepts
  • Utilize your expertise to review, update, and enhance the quality of existing content
  • Adding links to good papers in OnePetro and elsewhere is a great way to enrich existing content pages.
  • Creation of pages about specific fields are welcome. Knowing the basics of the reservoir and how the field was developed over time can provide valuable information to others. (See Prudhoe_Bay_field and Kuparuk River field

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