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Turbine flowmeters are an effective means of accurate measurement of liquid/gas products in many industries. Because of the turbine meter’s versatility and flexibility in product metering applications, it is one of the most widely used technologies in flow measurement. | Turbine flowmeters are an effective means of accurate measurement of liquid/gas products in many industries. Because of the turbine meter’s versatility and flexibility in product metering applications, it is one of the most widely used technologies in flow measurement. | ||
Turbine meters were invented in the 18th century by Reinhard Woltman, and at that time were used for water-flow measurement. In the 1950s, turbine meters were first used for hydrocarbon measurement for aeronautical applications within aircraft. In 1970, the API recognized the turbine meter in ''MPMS'' Chap. 5 Sec. 3, "Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Turbine Meters."<ref name="r1"> | Turbine meters were invented in the 18th century by Reinhard Woltman, and at that time were used for water-flow measurement. In the 1950s, turbine meters were first used for hydrocarbon measurement for aeronautical applications within aircraft. In 1970, the API recognized the turbine meter in ''MPMS'' Chap. 5 Sec. 3, "Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Turbine Meters."<ref name="r1">Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Turbine Meters. 2000. In ''Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards'', fourth edition, CH. 5, Sec. 3. Washington, DC: API.</ref> With these published standards, the turbine meter gained recognition as a custody-transfer metering technology acceptable for use in liquid-petroleum-products metering systems. These systems include crude-oil production and pipelines, petroleum product pipelines, refinery applications, tanker loading and unloading, crude-oil terminals, and refined-product loading-rack terminals. For additional information about turbine meters and their use in gas measurement, see [[Gas_turbine_meter|Gas turbine meter]]. | ||
=== Theory of operation of turbine meters === | === Theory of operation of turbine meters === | ||
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