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== On-site evaluation of acid treatment effectiveness == | == On-site evaluation of acid treatment effectiveness == | ||
The pressure and rate chart of the acid treatment show the effect of acid volume on the formation as the acid treatment proceeds. The papers of McLeod and Coulter, <ref name="r2" /> Paccaloni ''et al.'', <ref name="r3" /> and Prouvost and Economides<ref name="r4" /> are significant to the on-site evaluation of acidizing treatments. On-site data monitoring follows and evaluates the progress of damage removal by acid. '''Fig. 3'''<ref name="r3" /> shows injection rate and pressure plotted on a precalculated chart of pressure vs. rate and crossplotted with a family of skin-factor curves based on steady-state injection. The successive points clearly show the reduction in skin factor. These plots may be somewhat misleading because pressure transients are ignored after rate changes; however, no on-site computer is required. | The pressure and rate chart of the acid treatment show the effect of acid volume on the formation as the acid treatment proceeds. The papers of McLeod and Coulter, <ref name="r2" /> Paccaloni ''et al.'', <ref name="r3" /><ref name="r16"><ref name="r17"> and Prouvost and Economides<ref name="r4" /> are significant to the on-site evaluation of acidizing treatments. On-site data monitoring follows and evaluates the progress of damage removal by acid. '''Fig. 3'''<ref name="r3" /> shows injection rate and pressure plotted on a precalculated chart of pressure vs. rate and crossplotted with a family of skin-factor curves based on steady-state injection. The successive points clearly show the reduction in skin factor. These plots may be somewhat misleading because pressure transients are ignored after rate changes; however, no on-site computer is required. | ||
<gallery widths=300px heights=200px> | <gallery widths=300px heights=200px> | ||
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<ref name="r15" >Gdanski, R.D. and Shuchart, C.E. 1998. Advanced Sandstone-Acidizing Designs With Improved Radial Models. ''SPE Prod & Fac'' '''13''' (4): 272–278. SPE-52397-PA. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/52397-PA. </ref> | <ref name="r15" >Gdanski, R.D. and Shuchart, C.E. 1998. Advanced Sandstone-Acidizing Designs With Improved Radial Models. ''SPE Prod & Fac'' '''13''' (4): 272–278. SPE-52397-PA. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/52397-PA. </ref> | ||
<ref name="r16" >Paccaloni, G. 1979. New Method Proves Value of Stimulation Planning. ''Oil & Gas J.'' 19 Nov. pp. 155-60 <ref /> | |||
<ref name="r17" >Paccaloni, G. 1979. Field History Verifies Control, Evaluation. ''Oil & Gas J.'' 26 Nov. pp. 61-65 <ref /> | |||
</references> | </references> | ||
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