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Acid placement and coverage: Difference between revisions
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A leading cause of unsuccessful acid treatment is failure to contact all the damage with the acid. Fluids pumped into a formation take the path of least resistance. This makes the placement and coverage of the acid an important component of the treatment design. | A leading cause of unsuccessful acid treatment is failure to contact all the damage with the acid. Fluids pumped into a formation preferentially take the path of least resistance. This makes the placement and coverage of the acid an important component of the treatment design. | ||
==Acid flow paths== | ==Acid flow paths== | ||
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</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
When this happens, it | When this happens, it can be readily concluded that acidizing does not work well and is expensive. However, acidizing does work very well to remove damage when the type of damage is known, and known to be acid-removable, the treatment is properly designed and properly executed. Extreme damage may require more than what is discussed. Actions required may include a chemical soak and swabbing the soak back before acidizing or reperforating, and/or fracturing to bypass damage. Even moreso, long horizontal or deviated, openhole completions limit diversion and placement options. Different placement considerations than those discussed below, must be made. | ||
Numerous methods help control acid placement. Selection is based on: | Numerous methods help control acid placement. Selection is based on: | ||
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*Field experience | *Field experience | ||
Additional guidelines are provided in McLeod.<ref name="r2" /> The four main types of zone coverage techniques in matrix acidizing are: | Additional guidelines are provided in McLeod.<ref name="r2" /> The four main types of zone coverage techniques in matrix acidizing of cased and perforated completions are: | ||
*Mechanical | *Mechanical | ||
*Particulate | *Particulate | ||
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<ref name="r12" >Paccaloni, G. 1995. A New Effective Matrix Stimulation Diversion Technique. ''SPE Prod & Fac'' '''10''' (3): 151-156. SPE-24781-PA. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/24781-PA. </ref> | <ref name="r12" >Paccaloni, G. 1995. A New Effective Matrix Stimulation Diversion Technique. ''SPE Prod & Fac'' '''10''' (3): 151-156. SPE-24781-PA. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/24781-PA. </ref> | ||
</references> | </references> | ||
==Noteworthy books== | |||
Kalfayan, L.J.: Production Enhancement with Acid Stimulation (PennWell Books; 2000, 2007 - 2nd edition) | |||
==Noteworthy papers in OnePetro== | ==Noteworthy papers in OnePetro== | ||